After I posted the observation, another iNaturalist member noted that my observation was a Southern Dogface – a butterfly very similar to a Clouded Sulphur but with a pattern on the upper side of its forewings that resembles a dogs face (see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerene_cesonia). The unusual thing about my sighting was that the Southern Dogface had never been sighted in Virginia and posted on iNaturalist. I checked other postings and sure enough, there were none in Virginia. The closest verified observation was 342 miles south – a little northeast of McBee, SC. Furthermore, my sighting did appear to be a Southern Dogface. The dog’s face was not very apparent but a pointed wingtip, another characteristic of the Southern Dogface (and different from the Clouded Sulphur), was obvious. Moreover, my observation looked identical to many other postings. I also checked The BugGuide and Butterflies and Moths of North America. There were none in Virginia on The BugGuide site and a five on Butterflies and Moths of North America but none with photos – the most recent being from 2014 south of Cape Charles in southern Virginia. Below is a map of the range of the Southern Dogface in North America and Mexico (source: iNaturalist). The teardrop shows the location of my verified sighting relative to all the others - clearly off the beaten path.
Southern Dogface butterfly range in the USA and Mexico. Teardrop locates my observation. Source: iNaturalist
My three photos of the Southern Dogface
Searching the web, I found a lot of information on piebald deer. They are caused by a recessive gene in both parents and indeed are pretty unusual - estimates of only one to two percent of the white-tailed deer population. Unlike albinos which are completely white with pink eyes, pink nose, and pink tints around their hooves, the piebald deer have brown eyes, brown or black nose and black hooves, with varying amounts of brown and white fur. Most piebalds have more brown markings than the one I had photographed. Over the next few weeks, I was able to find the piebald about half of the time when out photographing wildlife. He was always within a pretty limited range in south Reston. Over the course of fifteen months, I never saw him west of the fifth fairway on Reston's south golf course, south of the Snakeden Branch (running into Lake Audubon), east of Ridge Heights pool or north of Purple Beach Drive. The map below depicts his range which has a perimeter of about two miles and an area less than two tenths of a square mile.
Over the course of 15 months, I took thousands of photos of him. I retained and edited only the better ones and have posted about 200 on my photo web site - https://aehass.zenfolio.com/p228859108. He was always smaller than his sibling and never grew to normal size. In the winter his white coat got very thick, but in the spring it thinned out about the same time he sprouted antlers. His mother has a very distinctive notch in her right ear and is so used to seeing me, I can walk up and nearly touch her. She is the most tame wild animal I've ever seen. She had two more fawns this past June - the piebald's little sisters and/or brothers.
As the spring of 2018 drew on, I started seeing the piebald alone more and more. His mom would sometimes be in the general area, but often nowhere nearby. He was clearly striking out on his own. He would wander with other deer, but seemed to have a hard time keeping with the herd. He liked to stop, lay down and rest more often than other deer. He was usually bringing up the rear. Once, two leash-less large dogs spotted a group of deer including the piebald and took off in chase. The piebald bolted with the others, jumped the Snakeden Branch and headed back in the direction of South Lakes Drive and Terraset. I knew he had deformities and was slower than other deer. I worried he would injure himself. Somehow he escaped. During the summer of 2018, I continued to find him two or three times a week. He always seemed pleased to see me and didn't mind my following him to take photos. Every time I went out with my camera, I looked for him - I was clearly obsessed.
On September 16, 2018, a posting on Nextdoor noted that the piebald was injured and using only three legs. Due to heavy rain the next day I couldn't get out to look for him. On September 18th I found him just south of Purple Beach Drive in the woods. His right rear leg had a compound fracture at the knee. It looked bad and I didn't see how he could survive. Later in the day, I called Fairfax County Animal Protection Police and reported his location and condition. They responded immediately, but couldn't locate him and gave up. I found him again on September 20th near Ridge Heights pool resting quietly. Since he didn't seem distressed, I didn't report him again. Following discussions on Nextdoor with the many Reston residents that knew him, I decide to let nature take its course. Maybe he could overcome his injury. In the meantime, I read many reports of deer surviving broken legs. His injury was a pretty clean fracture - no obvious bruises or cuts around the break. To me, it didn't appear to be the result of being hit by a car. I'm guessing it was broken while traversing the sometimes steep and rocky terrain in Reston - maybe bolting when startled.
I didn't get out again until a short break in the rainy weather on September 24th. I found him in a Glencourse cluster backyard standing on three legs in the light mist. He didn't look good, was muddy, but was upright. I took a few photos and left since he was still able to move around. The next day, I found him covered with mud laying next to the woods in the small open area just south of Glencourse Cluster. The ground was totally saturated and very muddy due to four straight days of rain. But he was awake, moving his head and nursing his injury. Again, I snapped a couple of photos and left. I thought that maybe if the rain stopped, he might still find a way to survive.
On Wednesday, September 26th, I went out in the morning and found him in the same spot as the day before still covered with mud. He was breathing and an ear would wiggle a little, but when I talked to him repeatedly, he never opened his eyes. I could tell the end was near. When I returned home three hours later, I called Animal Protection and reported the situation. They responded immediately and found the piebald lifeless. He apparently passed on just before they arrived.
Many residents of South Reston enjoyed seeing this little fellow for over 15 months while he roamed his small heavily wooded range. In addition to being an unusual occurrence in nature he was truly an adopted resident. We will all miss him dearly. Rest in peace piebald.
Below are a few of my favorite photos of our wonderful piebald.
Piebald and sibling - July 2017
Piebald in the ferns - July 2017
Crossing Ridge Heights Road - July 2017
Following sibling and mom - July 2017
With sibling - August 2017
Nursing with mom - September 2017
Affection from mom - September 2017
A nibble from mom - January 2018
Budding antlers - May 2018
Color changes - July 2018
Stretching - September 2018
Sporting his antlers - September 2018
With baby brother/sister - September 2018
Last photo before injury - September 11, 2018
Nursing his injury - September 18, 2018
Resting near Ridge Heights pool - September 20, 2018
]]>
Christmas Day 2016
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Over the next three weeks I walked by the school most days, but never saw him. I had almost given up assuming he had moved on. Then on January 15th, 2017, I found him again in the same location - on the west side of Terraset school. This time I followed him as he moved from tree to tree. Each time he moved, I was able to locate him and take a few photos. He always perched about twenty feet above the ground and was usually well hidden behind branches and holly foliage. After I took a few photos, he would fly to another location, but always within about 30 yards.
This owl must be fairly young. Adult Barreds are usually about 20 inches tall, but I estimated him to be only about 15 inches. The Wikipedia page on the Barred Owl is interesting reading:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barred_owl
Below are several photos taken at various locations in the holly stand on January 15th.
Perch 1 - Barred Owl reasonably uncluttered
Perch 1 - Looking to the right
Perch 1 - behind branches
Perch 1 - in the sunlight
Perch 2 - eyes covered
Perch 3 - behind holly leaves
Perch 4 - looking down
Perch 4 - a nice look
Perch 4 - looking right
Perch 5 - backlit
Perch 5 - sideways
]]>I quietly moved away and sat down on a fallen tree trunk less than 20 feet from the den entrance. The kit eventually awoke and went in the den offering no good shots. I decided to wait a while just to see what might happen. Within five minutes, the tinniest kit I've ever seen emerged from the den. He was wobbly and seemed very unused to the daylight. He saw me, gave me a close look, but clearly didn't have any idea that I might be a danger. Soon, four more kits emerged from the den. Again, they all spotted me (remember, I'm 20 feet away), but didn't seem alarmed. I'm pretty sure they had never seen a human before.
Over the course of the next 15 minutes, I continued to take photos (about 200) while the kits wandered around the den entrance. They would occasionally get spooked by my slight movement, but quickly realize that I wasn't an immediate threat. They were also pretty inquisitive. One actually came up to me and sniffed the toe of my boot. After a couple of seconds, he scampered back toward the den.
The area around the den is heavily wooded with oak trees, oak saplings, many briar vines and the usual forest undergrowth. The den is several years old - maybe decades. I have kit photos at the den from as early as 2008 when I first started shooting wildlife. The light is generally pretty awful for photographing. There are a few places where the sunlight periodically peeks through, but by and large, it's very low light - even with no leaves on the trees. By May, new growth is rapidly appearing and shooting conditions deteriorate daily. So, I am just about always using high ISO (1600-3200), shooting with a wide open lens (f4 - f5.6) and using slow shutter speeds (1/60th - 1/125th). White balance (I use auto and adjust in post processing as best I can) is also tricky with the new green foliage overhead, the occasional sunbeam shining through, changing light and the deep shadows.
As kits grow older, they quickly become increasingly aware of their surroundings and get easily spooked by any movement. Over the course of the month of May and early June, they became harder and harder to photograph. Generally, when they spotted me, they would dart back into the den. I photographed mostly from three locations behind large trees, I would often wait for 30 minutes or an hour near a den entrance before any of the kits would appear.
The parents were always out hunting for food. Clearly, feeding five kits is a full time job. They catch anything they can, but the kit diet is mainly Eastern Chipmunks and Eastern Gray Squirrels. I have even seen a kit eating a Red-shoulder Hawk. I have no idea how it was caught.
By early June, the size differences of the kits seemed to increase. The largest was possibly twice as big as the smallest. In past years, there is always one kit that seems to be the most aggressive, but I've never seen size differences like this 2015 litter. Throughout most of May, I rarely saw the parents. I can't believe they didn't know I was visiting the den almost every day. They must have seen me a time or two. In late May while I was at the den, one of the parents walked up with a chipmunk for the kits. When I was spotted, the parent immediately walked away stopping a time or two to make sure I was following. I was led about a hundred yards from the den out into the open (on the edge of a golf course). The parent lay down under a small bush and just sat there for ten minutes while I sat in the open taking photographs. I was only 20 feet away. This was clearly a very trusting Red Fox.
Below are several of my better photos of the kits and parents. All the photos are hand held or with the lens braced against a tree. I used a Sony A-77 camera and a Sony 70-400mm G2 f4-f5.6 lens. The full set of edited photos covering May 4th through June 17 is here:
http://aehass.zenfolio.com/p269233010
Junior emerges from the den May 4th
All five kits
A nice clean pose
At the front door
In the sunlight
Resting in the leaves
Sound asleep
Having spotted a bird
Black paws
Big ears
Size difference
Typical tactic
Dad lures me away from the den
Dad resting under a bush
Dad from ground level
June 9th in the ground cover
Dad with a chipmunk
]]>Two situations generally arise - one with a busy background (trees, buildings, etc) or one with a reasonably clear sky. The first situation is significantly more difficult than the second. With a busy background, you have to use spot (or possibly zone - a group of a few spots) focusing and track the bird while keeping the focus spot precisely on the subject. Slower flying birds (herons, vultures, egrets, eagles, etc.) are generally easier, so they are good for practice. Hawks are more difficult, but not nearly as difficult as small birds - unless you have a clear background and a camera with a fast auto-focusing lens.
There is a Martin house near my home on a local pond. In the spring and summer, the Purple Martins are very active around the house in nice weather. Often, there are as many as 15 or 20 birds flying around the house gathering nest building materials. The house is on a tall pole out in the open on the bank of the pond providing a nice clear background above the horizon.
In this situation, I can set my camera on wide area auto-focus (WAF) since I'll be shooting against a clear background - the sky. Using WAF, the camera will focus on anything in the frame creating contrast. Since the bird is the only contrasty thing in the viewfinder, that's what the camera focuses on.
With most BIF shooting, it is best to keep your shutter speed above 1/1200 of a second. This keeps motion blur to a minimum. With small fast flying birds even higher shutter speeds may be necessary. I use aperture priority (I set the aperture and let the shutter speed vary) and set my ISO to 400. This tends to keep my shutter speed above 1/1200 and gives me reasonable control over image sensor noise (graininess in the photos). Lower ISO is usually more desirable, but with my Sony A-77, ISO-400 is a good compromise. My lens (Sony 70-400mm f4-5.6 G2) is very sharp shooting wide open, but even better shooting at f8. Depending on the amount of light available, I adjust my aperture to keep my shutter speed above 1/1200th with f8 being ideal. F8 also provides a little more depth of field (DOF - the depth of the area in focus) than shooting wide open. Also, since the background is brighter than the subject, I set my exposure compensation to a plus 1.3 - 2.0 again, depending on the amount of light available. This tends to get the best exposure on the bird. Finally, it is best to have the sun behind you as much as possible. This places more light on the subject, will require less exposure compensation and make it easier to see the fast moving bird in the viewfinder.
With the setting as described above, I stand within about 20-30 feet from the Martin house, select a focal length somewhere between 100-200mm, pre-focus on the house and wait until a bird(s) are circling. All that is required is to find the bird in the viewfinder and fire away. The camera & lens will generally do the rest. My keeper rate using these setting is in the 50% range. I've also used slower focusing lenses - the Minolta 70-210mm F4 and the Minolta 75-300mm f4.5-5.6. They are slower focusing, but I can still get usable images. However, the keeper rate is lower.
Here's a few Purple Martin photos I took recently using the above techniques. All were shot in RAW format and processed using Adobe Lightroom 5.2. Even adjusting my exposure compensation when shooting, I usually had to increase the exposure on the subject in post processing for the best result.
http://aehass.zenfolio.com/p319500579
I've set the folder up so the most recent images are ordered first and simply add new photos chronologically. I've found that shooting as straight as possible through the glass works best and keeping the front of the lens as close as possible to the double-pane glass seems to help image quality too. The windows are tinted, so I normally have to make some minor adjustments to white balance when editing. This method of shooting allows me to normally get within about ten feet of the birds, so shooting with a 300mm lens pretty much fills the frame unless the bird is particularly small. Here's a few examples I've taken to date.
I actually photographed a female last January, but have never seen a male since I started photographing birds back in 2008. Today, I took my camera when I went to vote and on my return home, I spotted a male in the creek traversing the 6th fairway of the Reston South golf course. He was feeding on a small bush in the creek and didn't seem bothered by my presence. One of the first shots I took showed his ruby crown distinctly. However, I never got another distinct shot of his crown.
Ruby-crowned Kinglet - male - crown showing
Ruby-crowned Kinglet - male - faint crown
Ruby-crowned Kinglet - male - crown obscured
Today I went out pretty early hoping to find them again. Their mom was walking up the cart path just as I started out. I got behind a tree and snapped a couple of shots of her as she walked by. Then I went to the den finding four kits at play. By the time I got close enough to take some photos, three of the kits had seen me and returned the den. But, the fourth was so busy eating a squirrel that he didn't notice me as I managed to get behind a large oak tree.
I did get a shot of the female too, but not nearly as good as the shots of the male. She has the brownish markings on her forehead and lacks the red stripe below the beak.
A few years ago, I acquired a bird list from Reston Association - Birds of Reston. It was assembled by David Stewart and Odette James. It is a valuable resource for anyone interested in bird-watching or photographing local species. I've now been photographing wildlife in Reston for about four years, and thought it would add a nice addition to my web site to include a folder containing some of my best images of each species I've managed to capture with the camera. Some images are good and some are not so good depending on the opportunity and my skill level at the time. Regardless, to date I've found 69 species lurking about the pathways around Reston. The photos are presented here:
http://aehass.zenfolio.com/p573520661
The photos are sorted alphabetically by common name. I've included more than one in some instances. If the male and female are significantly different, I've included both when I have a photo. In a few other cases, I've simply included one or two additional images that I liked. My most recent entry is the Fox Sparrow taken on March 2nd, 2012 at Links Pond. This is the first one I've seen in four years of shooting wildlife here, so it must be pretty unusual in this area.
]]>